C Programming Language

C is a powerful and efficient general-purpose programming language. It was developed in the early 1970s by Dennis Ritchie at Bell Labs for use with the Unix operating system. C has since become one of the most widely used programming languages of all time. It is known for its efficiency, versatility, and portability.

Key Features of C:

• Procedural Language: C follows a procedural programming paradigm, allowing efficient code execution and optimization.
• Structured Language: C supports structured programming techniques through functions, loops, and conditional statements.
• Portability: C programs are highly portable across different platforms and operating systems.
• Powerful Standard Library: C provides a comprehensive standard library that includes functions for input/output, string manipulation, memory management, and more.
• Low-Level Access: C allows direct manipulation of hardware and memory, making it suitable for system-level programming.
• Static Typing: C is statically typed, meaning variables must be declared with their data types before they can be used.
• Efficient Execution: C programs are known for their fast execution speed and minimal runtime overhead.

Key Topics in C Programming:

• Basic Syntax and Data Types: Variables, constants, data types (integers, characters, floats, etc.), and basic syntax rules.
• Control Structures: Decision-making with if-else statements, switch-case statements, and looping with while, for, and do-while loops.
• Functions and Recursion: Defining and calling functions, function prototypes, passing parameters (by value and by reference), and recursive functions.
• Arrays and Pointers: Working with arrays (single-dimensional and multi-dimensional), pointer basics, pointer arithmetic, and dynamic memory allocation.
• File Handling: Reading from and writing to files using standard I/O functions like fopen, fclose, fread, fwrite, etc.
• Structures and Unions: Defining structures and unions, accessing members, using them effectively in programming, and differences between structures and unions.
• Dynamic Memory Allocation: Allocating memory dynamically using malloc, calloc, realloc, and freeing memory using free.
• Preprocessor Directives: Understanding #include, #define, conditional compilation (#ifdef, #ifndef), and other preprocessor directives.
• Error Handling: Implementing error handling techniques using return values, errno, and perror.
• Bitwise Operations: Performing operations at the bit-level using bitwise operators like &, |, ^, <<, and >>.

Prompts of C:

Basic Syntax and Data Types:

• Write a program to print "Hello, World!" to the console
• Declare variables of different data types and print their values

Control Structures:

• Implement a program to check if a number is even or odd using if-else statements.
• Write a program using switch-case to perform arithmetic operations based on user input (+,-,*,/)

Loops:

• Create a program to print all prime numbers between 1 to 100 using a while loop
• Use a for loop to print Fibonacci series up to nth term.

Functions

• Write a function to calculate the factorial of a number.
• Implement a function to find the sum of elements in an array.

Arrays and Pointers:

• Create a program to find the largest element in an array.
• Write a function to reverse an array using pointers.

File Handling:

• Implement a program to read and write data to a text file..
• Create a program to count the number of words in a file.

Structures and Unions:

• Define a structure to store student details (name, roll number, marks).
• Use unions to represent the same data in different formats (int, float).

Dynamic Memory Allocation:

• Write a program to dynamically allocate memory for an integer array.
• Implement a stack data structure using dynamic memory allocation.

Preprocessor Directives:

• Use #define to define a macro for maximum and minimum values.
• Implement conditional compilation using #ifdef and #ifndef for debugging.

Bitwise Operations

• Write a program to count the number of set bits in an integer
• Implement bitwise operations to swap two numbers without using a temporary variable.

Advanced Topics

• Use function pointers to implement a calculator with different operations.
• Write a program to handle signals in C (e.g., SIGINT for interrupt).

Embedded C

• Implement a program to interface with GPIO pins on a microcontroller (e.g., Arduino).
• Write an embedded C program to control an LED using timers.

Further Topics:

In addition to the core topics listed above, C programming also covers advanced concepts such as:

• Function Pointers: Using pointers to functions for advanced function manipulation.
• Multi-file Programming: Organizing code across multiple files and linking them together.
• Memory Management: Advanced techniques for efficient memory usage and optimization.
• Low-Level System Programming: Interfacing directly with hardware and system-level APIs.
• Embedded C: Tailoring C for embedded systems programming, focusing on resource constraints and real-time operations.