Python Programming Language

Python is a high-level, interpreted programming language known for its simplicity and readability. It was created by Guido van Rossum and first released in 1991. Python's design philosophy emphasizes code readability with its notable use of significant whitespace.

Key Features of Python:

• Easy-to-learn: Python's syntax is clear and expressive, making it accessible for beginners.
• High-level Language: Python abstracts many complex details away from the programmer.
• Interpreted: Python code is executed line by line by the interpreter, facilitating rapid development and debugging.
• Dynamic Typing: Variables in Python are dynamically typed, allowing flexibility in variable usage.
• Rich Standard Library: Python comes with a vast standard library that supports many common programming tasks.
• Extensive Third-party Libraries: The Python Package Index (PyPI) hosts thousands of third-party libraries for various applications.
• Object-oriented: Python supports object-oriented programming with classes and inheritance.
• Portable and Scalable: Python runs on various platforms and is scalable for small to large projects.

Key Topics in Python Programming:

• Basic Syntax and Data Types: Variables, data types (integers, strings, lists, dictionaries, etc.), and basic syntax rules.
• Control Flow: Decision-making with if-else statements, loops (for, while), and comprehensions.
• Functions: Defining and calling functions, lambda functions, function arguments, and scope.
• Data Structures: Working with lists, tuples, sets, and dictionaries.
• File Handling: Reading from and writing to files, handling exceptions.
• Modules and Packages: Creating and importing modules, organizing code into packages.
• Object-oriented Programming: Classes, objects, inheritance, polymorphism, and encapsulation.
• Exception Handling: Handling errors and exceptions using try-except blocks.
• Iterators and Generators: Using iterators and generators for efficient looping and memory management.
• Decorators: Using decorators to modify the behavior of functions or classes.
• Regular Expressions: Searching and manipulating strings using regular expressions.
• Concurrency: Managing multiple tasks concurrently using threads and multiprocessing.

Prompts for Python:

Basic Syntax and Data Types:

• Write a program to print "Hello, World!" to the console.
• Declare variables of different data types and print their values.

Control Flow:

• Implement a program to check if a number is even or odd using if-else statements.
• Write a program to find the largest among three numbers using nested if-else.

Functions:

• Write a function to calculate the factorial of a number.
• Create a function to check if a number is prime.

Data Structures:

• Write a program to sort elements in a list using the bubble sort algorithm.
• Implement a dictionary to store and retrieve student details (name, roll number, marks).

File Handling:

• Implement a program to read data from a text file and display its contents.
• Create a program to write user input to a file and handle exceptions.

Object-oriented Programming:

• Define a class to represent a Book with attributes like title, author, and price.
• Implement inheritance with classes like Animal and subclasses like Dog, Cat.

Exception Handling:

• Write a program to handle division by zero exception using try-except block.
• Implement a program to raise a custom exception when a user's age is negative.

Regular Expressions:

• Write a program to validate an email address using regular expressions.
• Create a program to replace all occurrences of a word in a text file using regex.

Advanced Topics:

• Implement multithreading in Python to execute multiple tasks concurrently.
• Use decorators to log function calls and measure execution time.

Web Development with Python:

• Create a simple web application using Flask or Django framework.
• Write a program to interact with a REST API using requests library.